Available languages for the FJS-12:
Translated and linguistically validated:
- Chinese Mandarin (Taiwan)
- Chinese Cantonese (Hongkong)
- Czech
- Dutch
- English (UK)
- Finnish
- French (Europe)
- French (Canada)
- German
- Greek
- Hebrew
- Hindi
- Italian
- Japanese
- Kannada
- Korean
- Marathi
- Norwegian
- Persian
- Polish
- Portuguese (Brazil)
- Portuguese (Portugal)
- Romanian
- Slovenian
- Spanish (Spain)
- Spanish (US)
- Spanish (Chile)
- Spanish (Mexico)
- Swedish
- Thai
- Ukrainian
Translated:
- Arabic
- Chinese Mandarin (China)
- Danish
- Indonesian
- Malaysian
- Oriya/Odia
- Slovak
- Turkish
All translations are developed following a translation procedure that has been based on the Principles of Good Practice for the Translation and Cultural Adaptation Proceed for Patient-Reported Outcomes (PRO) Measures: Report of the ISPOR Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation. The procedure includes:
- Two forward translations into target language, done by two independently working translators.
- Reconciliation.
- Two back translations into English, done by two independently working translators.
- Review and discussion of the back translation report by the translation expert appointed by the questionnaire developer.
- Proofreading by a professional translator contracted by the developer.
- Pilot-testing on patients with cognitive debriefing.
- Review and discussion of the pilot-testing report by the translation expert.
- Finalisation of the questionnaire.
In the case of languages spoken in various countries, a cultural adaptation may be required. The process includes:
- In-country review of the existing language version in order to identify any words or expressions that need to be changed.
- Review and discussion of the in-country review report by the translation expert.
- Proofreading by a professional translator.
- Pilot-testing on patients with cognitive debriefing.
- Review and discussion of the pilot-testing report by the translation expert.
- Finalisation of the project.
Literature:
Wild D. et al. Principles of Good Practice for the Translation and Cultural Adaptation Proceed for Patient-Reported Outcomes (PRO) Measures: Report of the ISPOR Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation.
Value in Health 8(2):2005. 94-104
Koller M. et al. The process of reconciliation: evaluation of guidelines for translating quality-of-life questionnaires.
Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 12(2):2012. 189-197